music21.scale¶
The various Scale objects provide a bidirectional object representation
of octave repeating and non-octave repeating scales built by network
of Interval
objects as modeled
in IntervalNetwork
.
The main public interface to these resources are subclasses
of ConcreteScale
, such
as MajorScale
, MinorScale
,
and MelodicMinorScale
.
More unusual scales are also available, such
as OctatonicScale
, SieveScale
,
and RagMarwa
.
All ConcreteScale
subclasses provide the ability
to get a pitches across any range, get a pitch for scale step, get a
scale step for pitch, and, for any given pitch ascend or descend to the
next pitch. In all cases Pitch
objects are returned.
>>> sc1 = scale.MajorScale('a')
>>> [str(p) for p in sc1.getPitches('g2', 'g4')]
['G#2', 'A2', 'B2', 'C#3', 'D3', 'E3', 'F#3', 'G#3', 'A3', 'B3', 'C#4', 'D4', 'E4', 'F#4']
>>> sc2 = scale.MelodicMinorScale('a')
>>> [str(p) for p in sc2.getPitches('g2', 'g4', direction=scale.Direction.DESCENDING)]
['G4', 'F4', 'E4', 'D4', 'C4', 'B3', 'A3', 'G3', 'F3', 'E3', 'D3', 'C3', 'B2', 'A2', 'G2']
>>> [str(p) for p in sc2.getPitches('g2', 'g4', direction=scale.Direction.ASCENDING)]
['G#2', 'A2', 'B2', 'C3', 'D3', 'E3', 'F#3', 'G#3', 'A3', 'B3', 'C4', 'D4', 'E4', 'F#4']
ConcreteScale¶
- class music21.scale.ConcreteScale(tonic: str | Pitch | Note | None = None, pitches: list[music21.pitch.Pitch | str] | None = None, **keywords)¶
A concrete scale is specific scale formation with a defined pitch collection (a tonic Pitch) that may or may not be bound by specific range. For example, a specific Major Scale, such as G Major, from G2 to G4.
This class is can either be used directly or more commonly as a base class for all concrete scales.
Here we treat a diminished triad as a scale:
>>> myScale = scale.ConcreteScale(pitches=['C4', 'E-4', 'G-4', 'A4']) >>> myScale.getTonic() <music21.pitch.Pitch C4> >>> myScale.nextPitch('G-2') <music21.pitch.Pitch A2> >>> [str(p) for p in myScale.getPitches('E-5', 'G-7')] ['E-5', 'G-5', 'A5', 'C6', 'E-6', 'G-6', 'A6', 'C7', 'E-7', 'G-7']
A scale that lasts two octaves and uses quarter tones (D~)
>>> complexScale = scale.ConcreteScale( ... pitches=['C#3', 'E-3', 'F3', 'G3', 'B3', 'D~4', 'F#4', 'A4', 'C#5'] ... ) >>> complexScale.getTonic() <music21.pitch.Pitch C#3> >>> complexScale.nextPitch('G3', direction=scale.Direction.DESCENDING) <music21.pitch.Pitch F3>
>>> [str(p) for p in complexScale.getPitches('C3', 'C7')] ['C#3', 'E-3', 'F3', 'G3', 'B3', 'D~4', 'F#4', 'A4', 'C#5', 'E-5', 'F5', 'G5', 'B5', 'D~6', 'F#6', 'A6']
Descending form:
>>> [str(p) for p in complexScale.getPitches('C7', 'C5')] ['A6', 'F#6', 'D~6', 'B5', 'G5', 'F5', 'E-5', 'C#5']
Equality¶
Two ConcreteScales are the same if they satisfy all general Music21Object equality methods and their Abstract scales, their tonics, and their boundRanges are the same:
ConcreteScale
bases
ConcreteScale
read-only properties
- ConcreteScale.chord¶
Return a Chord object from this harmony over a default range. Use the getChord() method if you need greater control over the parameters of the chord.
- ConcreteScale.isConcrete¶
Return True if the scale is Concrete, that is, it has a defined Tonic.
>>> sc1 = scale.MajorScale('c') >>> sc1.isConcrete True >>> sc2 = scale.MajorScale() >>> sc2.isConcrete False
To be concrete, a Scale must have a defined tonic. An abstract Scale is not Concrete
- ConcreteScale.name¶
Return or construct the name of this scale
>>> sc = scale.DiatonicScale() # abstract, as no defined tonic >>> sc.name 'Abstract diatonic'
- ConcreteScale.pitches¶
Get a default pitch list from this scale.
Read-only properties inherited from Music21Object
:
Read-only properties inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
ConcreteScale
read/write properties
- ConcreteScale.abstract¶
Return the AbstractScale instance governing this ConcreteScale.
>>> sc1 = scale.MajorScale('d') >>> sc2 = scale.MajorScale('b-') >>> sc1 == sc2 False >>> sc1.abstract == sc2.abstract True
Abstract scales can also be set afterwards:
>>> scVague = scale.ConcreteScale() >>> scVague.abstract = scale.AbstractDiatonicScale('major') >>> scVague.tonic = pitch.Pitch('D') >>> [p.name for p in scVague.getPitches()] ['D', 'E', 'F#', 'G', 'A', 'B', 'C#', 'D']
>>> scVague.abstract = scale.AbstractOctatonicScale() >>> [p.name for p in scVague.getPitches()] ['D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'A-', 'B-', 'C-', 'D-', 'D']
Changed in v6: changing .abstract is now allowed.
Read/write properties inherited from Music21Object
:
ConcreteScale
methods
- ConcreteScale.__eq__(other)¶
For concrete equality, the stored abstract objects must evaluate as equal, as well as local attributes.
>>> sc1 = scale.MajorScale('c') >>> sc2 = scale.MajorScale('c') >>> sc3 = scale.MinorScale('c') >>> sc4 = scale.MajorScale('g') >>> sc5 = scale.MajorScale() # an abstract scale, as no tonic defined
>>> sc1 == sc2 True >>> sc1 == sc3 False >>> sc1 == sc4 False >>> sc1.abstract == sc4.abstract # can compare abstract forms True >>> sc4 == sc5 # implicit abstract comparison True >>> sc5 == sc2 # implicit abstract comparison True >>> sc5 == sc3 # implicit abstract comparison False
- ConcreteScale.derive(other, comparisonAttribute='pitchClass')¶
Return the closest-matching
ConcreteScale
based on the pitch collection provided as aStream
, aConcreteScale
, or a list ofPitch
objects.How the “closest-matching” scale is defined still needs to be refined and has changed in the past and will probably change in the future.
>>> sc1 = scale.MajorScale() >>> sc1.derive(['C#', 'E', 'G#']) <music21.scale.MajorScale B major>
>>> sc1.derive(['E-', 'B-', 'D'], comparisonAttribute='name') <music21.scale.MajorScale B- major>
- ConcreteScale.deriveAll(other, comparisonAttribute='pitchClass')¶
Return a list of all Scales of the same class as self where all the pitches in other are contained.
Similar to “deriveRanked” but only returns those scales no matter how many which contain all the pitches.
Just returns a list in order.
If you are working with Diatonic Scales, you will probably want to change the comparisonAttribute to name.
>>> sc1 = scale.MajorScale() >>> sc1.deriveAll(['C', 'E', 'B']) [<music21.scale.MajorScale G major>, <music21.scale.MajorScale C major>]
>>> [sc.name for sc in sc1.deriveAll(['D-', 'E', 'B'])] ['B major', 'A major', 'E major', 'D major', 'C- major']
>>> sc1.deriveAll(['D-', 'E', 'B'], comparisonAttribute='name') []
Find all instances of this pentatonic scale in major scales:
>>> scList = sc1.deriveAll(['C#', 'D#', 'F#', 'G#', 'A#'], comparisonAttribute='name') >>> [sc.name for sc in scList] ['B major', 'F# major', 'C# major']
- ConcreteScale.deriveByDegree(degree, pitchRef)¶
Given a scale degree and a pitch, return a new
ConcreteScale
that satisfies that condition.Find a major scale with C as the 7th degree:
>>> sc1 = scale.MajorScale() >>> sc1.deriveByDegree(7, 'c') <music21.scale.MajorScale D- major>
TODO: Does not yet work for directional scales
- ConcreteScale.deriveRanked(other, resultsReturned=4, comparisonAttribute='pitchClass', removeDuplicates=False)¶
Return a list of closest-matching
ConcreteScale
objects based on thisAbstractScale
, provided as aStream
, aConcreteScale
, or a list ofPitch
objects. Returned integer values represent the number of matches.If you are working with Diatonic Scales, you will probably want to change the comparisonAttribute to name.
>>> sc1 = scale.MajorScale() >>> sc1.deriveRanked(['C', 'E', 'B']) [(3, <music21.scale.MajorScale G major>), (3, <music21.scale.MajorScale C major>), (2, <music21.scale.MajorScale B major>), (2, <music21.scale.MajorScale A major>)]
With the default of comparing by pitchClass, D- is fine for B major because C# is in the B major scale.
>>> sc1.deriveRanked(['D-', 'E', 'B']) [(3, <music21.scale.MajorScale B major>), (3, <music21.scale.MajorScale A major>), (3, <music21.scale.MajorScale E major>), (3, <music21.scale.MajorScale D major>)]
Comparing based on enharmonic-sensitive spelling, has fewer hits for all of these scales:
>>> sc1.deriveRanked(['D-', 'E', 'B'], comparisonAttribute='name') [(2, <music21.scale.MajorScale B major>), (2, <music21.scale.MajorScale A major>), (2, <music21.scale.MajorScale G major>), (2, <music21.scale.MajorScale E major>)]
Notice that we check how many of the pitches are in the scale and do not de-duplicate pitches.
>>> sc1.deriveRanked(['C', 'E', 'E', 'E', 'B']) [(5, <music21.scale.MajorScale G major>), (5, <music21.scale.MajorScale C major>), (4, <music21.scale.MajorScale B major>), (4, <music21.scale.MajorScale A major>)]
If removeDuplicates is given, the E’s will get less weight:
>>> sc1.deriveRanked(['C', 'E', 'E', 'E', 'B'], removeDuplicates=True) [(3, <music21.scale.MajorScale G major>), (3, <music21.scale.MajorScale C major>), (2, <music21.scale.MajorScale B major>), (2, <music21.scale.MajorScale A major>)]
>>> sc1.deriveRanked(['C#', 'E', 'G#']) [(3, <music21.scale.MajorScale B major>), (3, <music21.scale.MajorScale A major>), (3, <music21.scale.MajorScale E major>), (3, <music21.scale.MajorScale C- major>)]
A Concrete Scale created from pitches still has similar characteristics to the original.
Here we create a scale like a Harmonic minor but with flat 2 and sharp 4.
>>> e = scale.ConcreteScale(pitches=['A4', 'B-4', 'C5', 'D#5', 'E5', 'F5', 'G#5', 'A5'])
Notice the G# is allowed to be chosen even though we are specifically looking for scales with a G natural in them. Once no scale matched all three pitches, which scale that matches two pitches is arbitrary.
>>> bestScales = e.deriveRanked(['C', 'E', 'G'], resultsReturned=6) >>> bestScales [(3, <music21.scale.ConcreteScale E Concrete>), (3, <music21.scale.ConcreteScale D- Concrete>), (3, <music21.scale.ConcreteScale C# Concrete>), (2, <music21.scale.ConcreteScale B Concrete>), (2, <music21.scale.ConcreteScale A Concrete>), (2, <music21.scale.ConcreteScale G# Concrete>)]
>>> eConcrete = bestScales[0][1] >>> ' '.join([str(p) for p in eConcrete.pitches]) 'E4 F4 G4 A#4 B4 C5 D#5 E5'
- ConcreteScale.findMissing(other, comparisonAttribute='pitchClass', minPitch=None, maxPitch=None, direction=Direction.ASCENDING, alteredDegrees=None)¶
Given another object of the forms that extractPitches takes (e.g., a
Stream
, aConcreteScale
, a list ofPitch
objects), return a list of pitches that are found in this Scale but are not found in the provided object.>>> sc1 = scale.MajorScale('g4') >>> [str(p) for p in sc1.findMissing(['d'])] ['G4', 'A4', 'B4', 'C5', 'E5', 'F#5', 'G5']
- ConcreteScale.getChord(minPitch=None, maxPitch=None, direction=Direction.ASCENDING, **keywords) music21.chord.Chord ¶
Return a realized chord containing all the pitches in this scale within a particular inclusive range defined by two pitches.
All keyword arguments are passed on to the Chord, permitting specification of quarterLength and similar parameters.
- ConcreteScale.getDegreeMaxUnique()¶
Convenience routine to get this from the AbstractScale.
- ConcreteScale.getPitches(minPitch: str | Pitch | None = None, maxPitch: str | Pitch | None = None, direction: Direction | None = None) list[music21.pitch.Pitch] ¶
Return a list of Pitch objects, using a deepcopy of a cached version if available.
- ConcreteScale.getScalaData()¶
Return a configured
ScalaData
Object for this scale. It can be used to find interval distances in cents between degrees.
- ConcreteScale.getScaleDegreeAndAccidentalFromPitch(pitchTarget, direction=Direction.ASCENDING, comparisonAttribute='name')¶
Given a scale (or
Key
object) and a pitch, return a two-element tuple of the degree of the scale and an accidental (or None) needed to get this pitch.>>> cMaj = key.Key('C') >>> cMaj.getScaleDegreeAndAccidentalFromPitch(pitch.Pitch('E')) (3, None) >>> cMaj.getScaleDegreeAndAccidentalFromPitch(pitch.Pitch('E-')) (3, <music21.pitch.Accidental flat>)
The Direction of a melodic minor scale is significant
>>> aMin = scale.MelodicMinorScale('a') >>> aMin.getScaleDegreeAndAccidentalFromPitch(pitch.Pitch('G'), ... direction=scale.Direction.DESCENDING) (7, None) >>> aMin.getScaleDegreeAndAccidentalFromPitch(pitch.Pitch('G'), ... direction=scale.Direction.ASCENDING) (7, <music21.pitch.Accidental flat>) >>> aMin.getScaleDegreeAndAccidentalFromPitch(pitch.Pitch('G-'), ... direction=scale.Direction.ASCENDING) (7, <music21.pitch.Accidental double-flat>)
Returns (None, None) if for some reason this scale does not have this step (a whole-tone scale, for instance)
- ConcreteScale.getScaleDegreeFromPitch(pitchTarget, direction=Direction.ASCENDING, comparisonAttribute='name')¶
For a given pitch, return the appropriate scale degree. If no scale degree is available, None is returned.
Note: by default it will use a find algorithm that is based on the note’s .name not on .pitchClass because this is used so commonly by tonal functions. So if it’s important that D# and E- are the same, set the comparisonAttribute to pitchClass
>>> sc = scale.MajorScale('e-') >>> sc.getScaleDegreeFromPitch('e-2') 1 >>> sc.getScaleDegreeFromPitch('d') 7 >>> sc.getScaleDegreeFromPitch('d#', comparisonAttribute='name') is None True >>> sc.getScaleDegreeFromPitch('d#', comparisonAttribute='pitchClass') 1 >>> sc.getScaleDegreeFromPitch('e') is None True >>> sc.getScaleDegreeFromPitch('e', comparisonAttribute='step') 1
>>> sc = scale.HarmonicMinorScale('a') >>> sc.getScaleDegreeFromPitch('c') 3 >>> sc.getScaleDegreeFromPitch('g#') 7 >>> sc.getScaleDegreeFromPitch('g') is None True
>>> cMaj = key.Key('C') >>> cMaj.getScaleDegreeFromPitch(pitch.Pitch('E-'), ... direction=scale.Direction.ASCENDING, ... comparisonAttribute='step') 3
- ConcreteScale.getTonic()¶
Return the tonic.
>>> sc = scale.ConcreteScale(tonic='e-4') >>> sc.getTonic() <music21.pitch.Pitch E-4>
- ConcreteScale.intervalBetweenDegrees(degreeStart, degreeEnd, direction=Direction.ASCENDING, equateTermini=True)¶
Given two degrees, provide the interval as an interval.Interval object.
>>> sc = scale.MajorScale('e-') >>> sc.intervalBetweenDegrees(3, 7) <music21.interval.Interval P5>
- ConcreteScale.isNext(other, pitchOrigin, direction: Direction = Direction.ASCENDING, stepSize=1, getNeighbor: Direction | bool = True, comparisonAttribute='name')¶
Given another pitch, as well as an origin and a direction, determine if this other pitch is in the next in the scale.
>>> sc1 = scale.MajorScale('g') >>> sc1.isNext('d4', 'c4', scale.Direction.ASCENDING) True
- ConcreteScale.match(other, comparisonAttribute='name')¶
Given another object of the forms that extractPitchList can take, (e.g., a
Stream
, aConcreteScale
, a list ofPitch
objects), return a named dictionary of pitch lists with keys ‘matched’ and ‘notMatched’.>>> sc1 = scale.MajorScale('g') >>> sc2 = scale.MajorScale('d') >>> sc3 = scale.MajorScale('a') >>> sc4 = scale.MajorScale('e')
>>> from pprint import pprint as pp >>> pp(sc1.match(sc2)) {'matched': [<music21.pitch.Pitch D4>, <music21.pitch.Pitch E4>, <music21.pitch.Pitch F#4>, <music21.pitch.Pitch G4>, <music21.pitch.Pitch A4>, <music21.pitch.Pitch B4>], 'notMatched': [<music21.pitch.Pitch C#5>]}
>>> pp(sc2.match(sc3)) {'matched': [<music21.pitch.Pitch A4>, <music21.pitch.Pitch B4>, <music21.pitch.Pitch C#5>, <music21.pitch.Pitch D5>, <music21.pitch.Pitch E5>, <music21.pitch.Pitch F#5>], 'notMatched': [<music21.pitch.Pitch G#5>]}
>>> pp(sc1.match(sc4)) {'matched': [<music21.pitch.Pitch E4>, <music21.pitch.Pitch F#4>, <music21.pitch.Pitch A4>, <music21.pitch.Pitch B4>], 'notMatched': [<music21.pitch.Pitch G#4>, <music21.pitch.Pitch C#5>, <music21.pitch.Pitch D#5>]}
- ConcreteScale.next(pitchOrigin=None, direction: Direction | int = Direction.ASCENDING, stepSize=1, getNeighbor: Direction | bool = True)¶
See
nextPitch()
. This function is a deprecated alias for that method.This routine was named and created before music21 aspired to have full subclass substitution. Thus, is shadows the .next() function of Music21Object without performing similar functionality.
The routine is formally deprecated in v9 and will be removed in v10.
- ConcreteScale.nextPitch(pitchOrigin=None, direction: Direction | int = Direction.ASCENDING, stepSize=1, getNeighbor: Direction | bool = True)¶
Get the next pitch above (or below if direction is Direction.DESCENDING) a pitchOrigin or None. If the pitchOrigin is None, the tonic pitch is returned. This is useful when starting a chain of iterative calls.
The direction attribute may be either ascending or descending. Default is ascending. Optionally, positive or negative integers may be provided as directional stepSize scalars.
An optional stepSize argument can be used to set the number of scale steps that are stepped through. Thus, .nextPitch(stepSize=2) will give not the next pitch in the scale, but the next after this one.
The getNeighbor will return a pitch from the scale if pitchOrigin is not in the scale. This value can be True, Direction.ASCENDING, or Direction.DESCENDING.
>>> sc = scale.MajorScale('e-') >>> print(sc.nextPitch('e-5')) F5 >>> print(sc.nextPitch('e-5', stepSize=2)) G5 >>> print(sc.nextPitch('e-6', stepSize=3)) A-6
This uses the getNeighbor attribute to find the next note above f#5 in the E-flat major scale:
>>> sc.nextPitch('f#5') <music21.pitch.Pitch G5>
>>> sc = scale.HarmonicMinorScale('g') >>> sc.nextPitch('g4', scale.Direction.DESCENDING) <music21.pitch.Pitch F#4> >>> sc.nextPitch('F#4', scale.Direction.DESCENDING) <music21.pitch.Pitch E-4> >>> sc.nextPitch('E-4', scale.Direction.DESCENDING) <music21.pitch.Pitch D4> >>> sc.nextPitch('E-4', scale.Direction.ASCENDING, 1) <music21.pitch.Pitch F#4> >>> sc.nextPitch('E-4', scale.Direction.ASCENDING, 2) <music21.pitch.Pitch G4>
- ConcreteScale.pitchFromDegree(degree: int, minPitch=None, maxPitch=None, direction: Direction = Direction.ASCENDING, equateTermini: bool = True)¶
Given a scale degree, return a deepcopy of the appropriate pitch.
>>> sc = scale.MajorScale('e-') >>> sc.pitchFromDegree(2) <music21.pitch.Pitch F4> >>> sc.pitchFromDegree(7) <music21.pitch.Pitch D5>
- ConcreteScale.pitchesFromScaleDegrees(degreeTargets, minPitch=None, maxPitch=None, direction=Direction.ASCENDING)¶
Given one or more scale degrees, return a list of all matches over the entire range.
>>> sc = scale.MajorScale('e-') >>> sc.pitchesFromScaleDegrees([3, 7]) [<music21.pitch.Pitch G4>, <music21.pitch.Pitch D5>] >>> [str(p) for p in sc.pitchesFromScaleDegrees([3, 7], 'c2', 'c6')] ['D2', 'G2', 'D3', 'G3', 'D4', 'G4', 'D5', 'G5']
>>> sc = scale.HarmonicMinorScale('a') >>> [str(p) for p in sc.pitchesFromScaleDegrees([3, 7], 'c2', 'c6')] ['C2', 'G#2', 'C3', 'G#3', 'C4', 'G#4', 'C5', 'G#5', 'C6']
- ConcreteScale.romanNumeral(degree)¶
Return a RomanNumeral object built on the specified scale degree.
>>> sc1 = scale.MajorScale('a-4') >>> h1 = sc1.romanNumeral(1) >>> h1.root() <music21.pitch.Pitch A-4>
>>> h5 = sc1.romanNumeral(5) >>> h5.root() <music21.pitch.Pitch E-5> >>> h5 <music21.roman.RomanNumeral V in A- major>
- ConcreteScale.show(fmt=None, app=None, direction=Direction.ASCENDING)¶
Show the scale in a format. Here, prepare scala format if requested.
- ConcreteScale.solfeg(pitchTarget=None, direction=Direction.ASCENDING, variant='music21', chromatic=True)¶
Returns the chromatic solfeg (or diatonic if chromatic is False) for a given pitch in a given scale.
The variant method lets one specify either the default music21 or humdrum solfeg representation for altered notes.
>>> eflatMaj = key.Key('E-') >>> eflatMaj.solfeg(pitch.Pitch('G')) 'mi' >>> eflatMaj.solfeg('A') 'fi' >>> eflatMaj.solfeg('A', chromatic=False) 'fa' >>> eflatMaj.solfeg(pitch.Pitch('G#'), variant='music21') # default 'mis' >>> eflatMaj.solfeg(pitch.Pitch('G#'), variant='humdrum') 'my'
- ConcreteScale.transpose(value, *, inPlace=False)¶
Transpose this Scale by the given interval
Note: It does not make sense to transpose an abstract scale, since it is merely a collection of intervals. Thus, only concrete scales can be transposed.
>>> sc1 = scale.MajorScale('C') >>> sc2 = sc1.transpose('p5') >>> sc2 <music21.scale.MajorScale G major> >>> sc3 = sc2.transpose('p5') >>> sc3 <music21.scale.MajorScale D major>
>>> sc3.transpose('p5', inPlace=True) >>> sc3 <music21.scale.MajorScale A major>
- ConcreteScale.tune(streamObj, minPitch=None, maxPitch=None, direction=None) None ¶
Given a Stream object containing Pitches, match all pitch names and or pitch space values and replace the target pitch with copies of pitches stored in this scale.
This is always applied recursively to all sub-Streams.
- ConcreteScale.write(fmt=None, fp=None, direction=Direction.ASCENDING)¶
Write the scale in a format. Here, prepare scala format if requested.
Methods inherited from Scale
:
Methods inherited from Music21Object
:
Methods inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
ConcreteScale
instance variables
Instance variables inherited from Music21Object
:
AbstractScale¶
- class music21.scale.AbstractScale(**keywords)¶
An abstract scale is specific scale formation, but does not have a defined pitch collection or pitch reference. For example, all Major scales can be represented by an AbstractScale; a ConcreteScale, however, is a specific Major Scale, such as G Major.
These classes provide an interface to, and create and manipulate, the stored
IntervalNetwork
object. Thus, they are rarely created or manipulated directly by most users.The AbstractScale additionally stores an _alteredDegrees dictionary. Subclasses can define altered nodes in AbstractScale that are passed to the
IntervalNetwork
.Equality¶
Two abstract scales are the same if they have the same class and the same tonicDegree and octaveDuplicating attributes and the same intervalNetwork, and it satisfies all other music21 superclass attributes.
>>> as1 = scale.AbstractOctatonicScale() >>> as2 = scale.AbstractOctatonicScale() >>> as1 == as2 True >>> as2.tonicDegree = 5 >>> as1 == as2 False
>>> as1 == scale.AbstractDiatonicScale() False
AbstractScale
bases
AbstractScale
read-only properties
Read-only properties inherited from Scale
:
Read-only properties inherited from Music21Object
:
Read-only properties inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
AbstractScale
read/write properties
Read/write properties inherited from Music21Object
:
AbstractScale
methods
- AbstractScale.buildNetwork()¶
Calling the buildNetwork, with or without parameters, is main job of the AbstractScale class. This needs to be subclassed by a derived class
- AbstractScale.buildNetworkFromPitches(pitchList)¶
Builds the network (list of motions) for an abstract scale from a list of pitch.Pitch objects. If the concluding note (usually the “octave”) is not given, then it’ll be created automatically.
Here we treat the augmented triad as a scale:
>>> p1 = pitch.Pitch('C4') >>> p2 = pitch.Pitch('E4') >>> p3 = pitch.Pitch('G#4') >>> abstractScale = scale.AbstractScale() >>> abstractScale.buildNetworkFromPitches([p1, p2, p3]) >>> abstractScale.octaveDuplicating True >>> abstractScale._net <music21.scale.intervalNetwork.IntervalNetwork object at 0x...>
Now see it return a new “scale” of the augmentedTriad on D5
>>> abstractScale._net.realizePitch('D5') [<music21.pitch.Pitch D5>, <music21.pitch.Pitch F#5>, <music21.pitch.Pitch A#5>, <music21.pitch.Pitch D6>]
It is also possible to use implicit octaves:
>>> abstract_scale = scale.AbstractScale() >>> abstract_scale.buildNetworkFromPitches(['C', 'F']) >>> abstract_scale.octaveDuplicating True >>> abstract_scale._net.realizePitch('G') [<music21.pitch.Pitch G4>, <music21.pitch.Pitch C5>, <music21.pitch.Pitch G5>]
- static AbstractScale.fixDefaultOctaveForPitchList(pitchList)¶
Suppose you have a set of octaveless Pitches that you use to make a scale.
Something like:
>>> pitchListStrs = 'a b c d e f g a'.split() >>> pitchList = [pitch.Pitch(p) for p in pitchListStrs]
Here’s the problem, between pitchList[1] and pitchList[2] the .implicitOctave stays the same, so the .ps drops:
>>> (pitchList[1].implicitOctave, pitchList[2].implicitOctave) (4, 4) >>> (pitchList[1].ps, pitchList[2].ps) (71.0, 60.0)
Hence this helper staticmethod that makes it so that for octaveless pitches ONLY, each one has a .ps above the previous:
>>> pl2 = scale.AbstractScale.fixDefaultOctaveForPitchList(pitchList) >>> (pl2[1].implicitOctave, pl2[2].implicitOctave, pl2[3].implicitOctave) (4, 5, 5) >>> (pl2[1].ps, pl2[2].ps) (71.0, 72.0)
Note that the list is modified inPlace:
>>> pitchList is pl2 True >>> pitchList[2] is pl2[2] True
- AbstractScale.getDegreeMaxUnique()¶
Return the maximum number of scale steps, or the number to use as a modulus.
- AbstractScale.getIntervals(stepOfPitch=None, minPitch=None, maxPitch=None, direction=Direction.ASCENDING, reverse=False)¶
Realize the abstract scale as a list of pitch objects, given a pitch object, the step of that pitch object, and a min and max pitch.
- AbstractScale.getNewTonicPitch(pitchReference, nodeName, direction=Direction.ASCENDING, minPitch=None, maxPitch=None)¶
Define a pitch target and a node.
- AbstractScale.getPitchFromNodeDegree(pitchReference, nodeName, nodeDegreeTarget, direction=Direction.ASCENDING, minPitch=None, maxPitch=None, equateTermini=True)¶
Get a pitch for desired scale degree.
- AbstractScale.getRealization(pitchObj, stepOfPitch, minPitch=None, maxPitch=None, direction=Direction.ASCENDING, reverse=False)¶
Realize the abstract scale as a list of pitch objects, given a pitch object, the step of that pitch object, and a min and max pitch.
- AbstractScale.getRelativeNodeDegree(pitchReference, nodeName, pitchTarget, comparisonAttribute='pitchClass', direction=Direction.ASCENDING)¶
Expose functionality from
IntervalNetwork
, passing on the stored alteredDegrees dictionary.
- AbstractScale.getScalaData(direction=Direction.ASCENDING)¶
Get the interval sequence as a :class:~music21.scala.ScalaData object for a particular scale:
- AbstractScale.nextPitch(pitchReference, nodeName, pitchOrigin, direction: Direction = Direction.ASCENDING, stepSize=1, getNeighbor: Direction | bool = True)¶
Expose functionality from
IntervalNetwork
, passing on the stored alteredDegrees dictionary.
- AbstractScale.realizePitchByDegree(pitchReference, nodeId, nodeDegreeTargets, direction=Direction.ASCENDING, minPitch=None, maxPitch=None)¶
Given one or more scale degrees, return a list of all matches over the entire range.
See
realizePitchByDegree()
. in intervalNetwork.IntervalNetwork.Create an abstract pentatonic scale:
>>> pitchList = ['C#4', 'D#4', 'F#4', 'G#4', 'A#4'] >>> abstractScale = scale.AbstractScale() >>> abstractScale.buildNetworkFromPitches([pitch.Pitch(p) for p in pitchList])
- AbstractScale.show(fmt=None, app=None, direction=Direction.ASCENDING, **keywords)¶
Show the scale in a format. Here, prepare scala format if requested.
- AbstractScale.write(fmt=None, fp=None, direction=Direction.ASCENDING, **keywords)¶
Write the scale in a format. Here, prepare scala format if requested.
Methods inherited from Scale
:
Methods inherited from Music21Object
:
Methods inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
AbstractScale
instance variables
Instance variables inherited from Music21Object
:
AbstractCyclicalScale¶
- class music21.scale.AbstractCyclicalScale(mode=None, **keywords)¶
A scale of any size built with an interval list of any form. The resulting scale may be non octave repeating.
AbstractCyclicalScale
bases
AbstractCyclicalScale
read-only properties
Read-only properties inherited from Scale
:
Read-only properties inherited from Music21Object
:
Read-only properties inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
AbstractCyclicalScale
read/write properties
Read/write properties inherited from Music21Object
:
AbstractCyclicalScale
methods
- AbstractCyclicalScale.buildNetwork(mode)¶
Here, mode is the list of intervals.
Methods inherited from AbstractScale
:
Methods inherited from Scale
:
Methods inherited from Music21Object
:
Methods inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
AbstractCyclicalScale
instance variables
Instance variables inherited from Music21Object
:
AbstractDiatonicScale¶
- class music21.scale.AbstractDiatonicScale(mode: str | None = None, **keywords)¶
An abstract representation of a Diatonic scale w/ or without mode.
>>> as1 = scale.AbstractDiatonicScale('major') >>> as1.type 'Abstract diatonic' >>> as1.mode 'major' >>> as1.octaveDuplicating True
Equality¶
AbstractDiatonicScales must satisfy all the characteristics of a general AbstractScale but also need to have equal dominantDegrees.
>>> as1 = scale.AbstractDiatonicScale('major') >>> as2 = scale.AbstractDiatonicScale('lydian') >>> as1 == as2 False
Note that their modes do not need to be the same. For instance for the case of major and Ionian which have the same networks:
>>> as3 = scale.AbstractDiatonicScale('ionian') >>> (as1.mode, as3.mode) ('major', 'ionian') >>> as1 == as3 True
AbstractDiatonicScale
bases
AbstractDiatonicScale
read-only properties
Read-only properties inherited from Scale
:
Read-only properties inherited from Music21Object
:
Read-only properties inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
AbstractDiatonicScale
read/write properties
Read/write properties inherited from Music21Object
:
AbstractDiatonicScale
methods
- AbstractDiatonicScale.buildNetwork(mode=None)¶
Given subclass dependent parameters, build and assign the IntervalNetwork.
>>> sc = scale.AbstractDiatonicScale() >>> sc.buildNetwork('Lydian') # N.B. case-insensitive name >>> [str(p) for p in sc.getRealization('f4', 1, 'f2', 'f6')] ['F2', 'G2', 'A2', 'B2', 'C3', 'D3', 'E3', 'F3', 'G3', 'A3', 'B3', 'C4', 'D4', 'E4', 'F4', 'G4', 'A4', 'B4', 'C5', 'D5', 'E5', 'F5', 'G5', 'A5', 'B5', 'C6', 'D6', 'E6', 'F6']
Unknown modes raise an exception:
>>> sc.buildNetwork('blues-like') Traceback (most recent call last): music21.scale.ScaleException: Cannot create a scale of the following mode: 'blues-like'
Changed in v6: case-insensitive modes
Methods inherited from AbstractScale
:
Methods inherited from Scale
:
Methods inherited from Music21Object
:
Methods inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
AbstractDiatonicScale
instance variables
Instance variables inherited from Music21Object
:
AbstractHarmonicMinorScale¶
- class music21.scale.AbstractHarmonicMinorScale(mode: str | None = None, **keywords)¶
A true bidirectional scale that with the augmented second to a leading tone.
This is the only scale to use the “_alteredDegrees” property.
mode is not used
AbstractHarmonicMinorScale
bases
AbstractHarmonicMinorScale
read-only properties
Read-only properties inherited from Scale
:
Read-only properties inherited from Music21Object
:
Read-only properties inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
AbstractHarmonicMinorScale
read/write properties
Read/write properties inherited from Music21Object
:
AbstractHarmonicMinorScale
methods
- AbstractHarmonicMinorScale.buildNetwork()¶
Calling the buildNetwork, with or without parameters, is main job of the AbstractScale class. This needs to be subclassed by a derived class
Methods inherited from AbstractScale
:
Methods inherited from Scale
:
Methods inherited from Music21Object
:
Methods inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
AbstractHarmonicMinorScale
instance variables
Instance variables inherited from Music21Object
:
AbstractMelodicMinorScale¶
- class music21.scale.AbstractMelodicMinorScale(mode: str | None = None, **keywords)¶
A directional scale.
mode is not used.
AbstractMelodicMinorScale
bases
AbstractMelodicMinorScale
read-only properties
Read-only properties inherited from Scale
:
Read-only properties inherited from Music21Object
:
Read-only properties inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
AbstractMelodicMinorScale
read/write properties
Read/write properties inherited from Music21Object
:
AbstractMelodicMinorScale
methods
- AbstractMelodicMinorScale.buildNetwork()¶
Calling the buildNetwork, with or without parameters, is main job of the AbstractScale class. This needs to be subclassed by a derived class
Methods inherited from AbstractScale
:
Methods inherited from Scale
:
Methods inherited from Music21Object
:
Methods inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
AbstractMelodicMinorScale
instance variables
Instance variables inherited from Music21Object
:
AbstractOctatonicScale¶
- class music21.scale.AbstractOctatonicScale(mode=None, **keywords)¶
Abstract scale representing the two octatonic scales.
AbstractOctatonicScale
bases
AbstractOctatonicScale
read-only properties
Read-only properties inherited from Scale
:
Read-only properties inherited from Music21Object
:
Read-only properties inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
AbstractOctatonicScale
read/write properties
Read/write properties inherited from Music21Object
:
AbstractOctatonicScale
methods
- AbstractOctatonicScale.buildNetwork(mode=None)¶
Given subclass dependent parameters, build and assign the IntervalNetwork.
>>> sc = scale.AbstractDiatonicScale() >>> sc.buildNetwork('lydian') >>> [str(p) for p in sc.getRealization('f4', 1, 'f2', 'f6')] ['F2', 'G2', 'A2', 'B2', 'C3', 'D3', 'E3', 'F3', 'G3', 'A3', 'B3', 'C4', 'D4', 'E4', 'F4', 'G4', 'A4', 'B4', 'C5', 'D5', 'E5', 'F5', 'G5', 'A5', 'B5', 'C6', 'D6', 'E6', 'F6']
Methods inherited from AbstractScale
:
Methods inherited from Scale
:
Methods inherited from Music21Object
:
Methods inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
AbstractOctatonicScale
instance variables
Instance variables inherited from Music21Object
:
AbstractOctaveRepeatingScale¶
- class music21.scale.AbstractOctaveRepeatingScale(mode=None, **keywords)¶
A scale of any size built with an interval list that assumes octave completion. An additional interval to complete the octave will be added to the provided intervals. This does not guarantee that the octave will be repeated in one octave, only the next octave above the last interval will be provided.
AbstractOctaveRepeatingScale
bases
AbstractOctaveRepeatingScale
read-only properties
Read-only properties inherited from Scale
:
Read-only properties inherited from Music21Object
:
Read-only properties inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
AbstractOctaveRepeatingScale
read/write properties
Read/write properties inherited from Music21Object
:
AbstractOctaveRepeatingScale
methods
- AbstractOctaveRepeatingScale.buildNetwork(mode)¶
Here, mode is the list of intervals.
Methods inherited from AbstractScale
:
Methods inherited from Scale
:
Methods inherited from Music21Object
:
Methods inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
AbstractOctaveRepeatingScale
instance variables
Instance variables inherited from Music21Object
:
AbstractRagAsawari¶
- class music21.scale.AbstractRagAsawari(**keywords)¶
A pseudo raga-scale.
AbstractRagAsawari
bases
AbstractRagAsawari
read-only properties
Read-only properties inherited from Scale
:
Read-only properties inherited from Music21Object
:
Read-only properties inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
AbstractRagAsawari
read/write properties
Read/write properties inherited from Music21Object
:
AbstractRagAsawari
methods
- AbstractRagAsawari.buildNetwork()¶
Calling the buildNetwork, with or without parameters, is main job of the AbstractScale class. This needs to be subclassed by a derived class
Methods inherited from AbstractScale
:
Methods inherited from Scale
:
Methods inherited from Music21Object
:
Methods inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
AbstractRagAsawari
instance variables
Instance variables inherited from Music21Object
:
AbstractRagMarwa¶
- class music21.scale.AbstractRagMarwa(**keywords)¶
A pseudo raga-scale.
AbstractRagMarwa
bases
AbstractRagMarwa
read-only properties
Read-only properties inherited from Scale
:
Read-only properties inherited from Music21Object
:
Read-only properties inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
AbstractRagMarwa
read/write properties
Read/write properties inherited from Music21Object
:
AbstractRagMarwa
methods
- AbstractRagMarwa.buildNetwork()¶
Calling the buildNetwork, with or without parameters, is main job of the AbstractScale class. This needs to be subclassed by a derived class
Methods inherited from AbstractScale
:
Methods inherited from Scale
:
Methods inherited from Music21Object
:
Methods inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
AbstractRagMarwa
instance variables
Instance variables inherited from Music21Object
:
AbstractWeightedHexatonicBlues¶
- class music21.scale.AbstractWeightedHexatonicBlues(**keywords)¶
A dynamic, probabilistic mixture of minor pentatonic and a hexatonic blues scale
AbstractWeightedHexatonicBlues
bases
AbstractWeightedHexatonicBlues
read-only properties
Read-only properties inherited from Scale
:
Read-only properties inherited from Music21Object
:
Read-only properties inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
AbstractWeightedHexatonicBlues
read/write properties
Read/write properties inherited from Music21Object
:
AbstractWeightedHexatonicBlues
methods
- AbstractWeightedHexatonicBlues.buildNetwork()¶
Calling the buildNetwork, with or without parameters, is main job of the AbstractScale class. This needs to be subclassed by a derived class
Methods inherited from AbstractScale
:
Methods inherited from Scale
:
Methods inherited from Music21Object
:
Methods inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
AbstractWeightedHexatonicBlues
instance variables
Instance variables inherited from Music21Object
:
ChromaticScale¶
- class music21.scale.ChromaticScale(tonic=None, **keywords)¶
A concrete cyclical scale, based on a cycle of half steps.
>>> sc = scale.ChromaticScale('g2') >>> [str(p) for p in sc.pitches] ['G2', 'A-2', 'A2', 'B-2', 'B2', 'C3', 'C#3', 'D3', 'E-3', 'E3', 'F3', 'F#3', 'G3'] >>> [str(p) for p in sc.getPitches('g2', 'g6')] ['G2', 'A-2', ..., 'F#3', 'G3', 'A-3', ..., 'F#4', 'G4', 'A-4', ..., 'G5', ..., 'F#6', 'G6'] >>> sc.abstract.getDegreeMaxUnique() 12 >>> sc.pitchFromDegree(1) <music21.pitch.Pitch G2> >>> sc.pitchFromDegree(2) <music21.pitch.Pitch A-2> >>> sc.pitchFromDegree(3) <music21.pitch.Pitch A2> >>> sc.pitchFromDegree(8) <music21.pitch.Pitch D3> >>> sc.pitchFromDegree(12) <music21.pitch.Pitch F#3> >>> sc.getScaleDegreeFromPitch('g2', comparisonAttribute='pitchClass') 1 >>> sc.getScaleDegreeFromPitch('F#6', comparisonAttribute='pitchClass') 12
ChromaticScale
bases
ChromaticScale
read-only properties
Read-only properties inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Read-only properties inherited from Music21Object
:
Read-only properties inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
ChromaticScale
read/write properties
Read/write properties inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Read/write properties inherited from Music21Object
:
ChromaticScale
methods
Methods inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Methods inherited from Scale
:
Methods inherited from Music21Object
:
Methods inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
ChromaticScale
instance variables
Instance variables inherited from Music21Object
:
CyclicalScale¶
- class music21.scale.CyclicalScale(tonic: str | Pitch | Note | None = None, intervalList: list | None = None, **keywords)¶
A concrete cyclical scale, based on a cycle of intervals.
>>> sc = scale.CyclicalScale('c4', ['P5']) # can give one list >>> sc.pitches [<music21.pitch.Pitch C4>, <music21.pitch.Pitch G4>] >>> [str(p) for p in sc.getPitches('g2', 'g6')] ['B-2', 'F3', 'C4', 'G4', 'D5', 'A5', 'E6'] >>> sc.getScaleDegreeFromPitch('g4') # as single interval cycle, all are 1 1 >>> sc.getScaleDegreeFromPitch('b-2', direction=scale.Direction.BI) 1
No intervalList defaults to a single minor second:
>>> sc2 = scale.CyclicalScale() >>> sc2.pitches [<music21.pitch.Pitch C4>, <music21.pitch.Pitch D-4>]
CyclicalScale
bases
CyclicalScale
read-only properties
Read-only properties inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Read-only properties inherited from Music21Object
:
Read-only properties inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
CyclicalScale
read/write properties
Read/write properties inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Read/write properties inherited from Music21Object
:
CyclicalScale
methods
Methods inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Methods inherited from Scale
:
Methods inherited from Music21Object
:
Methods inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
CyclicalScale
instance variables
Instance variables inherited from Music21Object
:
DiatonicScale¶
- class music21.scale.DiatonicScale(tonic: str | Pitch | Note | None = None, **keywords)¶
A concrete diatonic scale. Each DiatonicScale has one instance of a
AbstractDiatonicScale
.
DiatonicScale
bases
DiatonicScale
read-only properties
Read-only properties inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Read-only properties inherited from Music21Object
:
Read-only properties inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
DiatonicScale
read/write properties
Read/write properties inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Read/write properties inherited from Music21Object
:
DiatonicScale
methods
- DiatonicScale.getDominant()¶
Return the dominant.
>>> sc = scale.MajorScale('e-') >>> sc.getDominant() <music21.pitch.Pitch B-4> >>> sc = scale.MajorScale('F#') >>> sc.getDominant() <music21.pitch.Pitch C#5>
- DiatonicScale.getLeadingTone()¶
Return the leading tone.
>>> sc = scale.MinorScale('c') >>> sc.getLeadingTone() <music21.pitch.Pitch B4>
Note that the leading tone isn’t necessarily the same as the 7th scale degree in minor:
>>> sc.pitchFromDegree(7) <music21.pitch.Pitch B-4>
- DiatonicScale.getParallelMajor()¶
Return a concrete relative major scale
>>> sc1 = scale.MinorScale(pitch.Pitch('g')) >>> [str(p) for p in sc1.pitches] ['G4', 'A4', 'B-4', 'C5', 'D5', 'E-5', 'F5', 'G5']
>>> sc2 = sc1.getParallelMajor() >>> [str(p) for p in sc2.pitches] ['G4', 'A4', 'B4', 'C5', 'D5', 'E5', 'F#5', 'G5']
- DiatonicScale.getParallelMinor()¶
Return a parallel minor scale based on this concrete scale.
>>> sc1 = scale.MajorScale(pitch.Pitch('a')) >>> [str(p) for p in sc1.pitches] ['A4', 'B4', 'C#5', 'D5', 'E5', 'F#5', 'G#5', 'A5'] >>> sc2 = sc1.getParallelMinor() >>> [str(p) for p in sc2.pitches] ['A4', 'B4', 'C5', 'D5', 'E5', 'F5', 'G5', 'A5']
Running getParallelMinor() again doesn’t change anything
>>> sc3 = sc2.getParallelMinor() >>> [str(p) for p in sc3.pitches] ['A4', 'B4', 'C5', 'D5', 'E5', 'F5', 'G5', 'A5']
- DiatonicScale.getRelativeMajor()¶
Return a concrete relative major scale
>>> sc1 = scale.MinorScale(pitch.Pitch('g')) >>> [str(p) for p in sc1.pitches] ['G4', 'A4', 'B-4', 'C5', 'D5', 'E-5', 'F5', 'G5']
>>> sc2 = sc1.getRelativeMajor() >>> [str(p) for p in sc2.pitches] ['B-4', 'C5', 'D5', 'E-5', 'F5', 'G5', 'A5', 'B-5']
Though it’s unlikely you would want to do it, getRelativeMajor works on other diatonic scales than just Major and Minor.
>>> sc2 = scale.DorianScale('d') >>> [str(p) for p in sc2.pitches] ['D4', 'E4', 'F4', 'G4', 'A4', 'B4', 'C5', 'D5']
>>> [str(p) for p in sc2.getRelativeMajor().pitches] ['C5', 'D5', 'E5', 'F5', 'G5', 'A5', 'B5', 'C6']
- DiatonicScale.getRelativeMinor()¶
Return a relative minor scale based on this concrete scale.
>>> sc1 = scale.MajorScale(pitch.Pitch('a')) >>> [str(p) for p in sc1.pitches] ['A4', 'B4', 'C#5', 'D5', 'E5', 'F#5', 'G#5', 'A5'] >>> sc2 = sc1.getRelativeMinor() >>> [str(p) for p in sc2.pitches] ['F#5', 'G#5', 'A5', 'B5', 'C#6', 'D6', 'E6', 'F#6']
- DiatonicScale.getTonic()¶
Return the tonic of the diatonic scale.
>>> sc = scale.MajorScale('e-') >>> sc.getTonic() <music21.pitch.Pitch E-4> >>> sc = scale.MajorScale('F#') >>> sc.getTonic() <music21.pitch.Pitch F#4>
If no tonic has been defined, it will return an Exception. (same is true for getDominant, getLeadingTone, etc.)
>>> sc = scale.DiatonicScale() >>> sc.getTonic() Traceback (most recent call last): music21.scale.intervalNetwork.IntervalNetworkException: pitchReference cannot be None
Methods inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Methods inherited from Scale
:
Methods inherited from Music21Object
:
Methods inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
DiatonicScale
instance variables
Instance variables inherited from Music21Object
:
DorianScale¶
- class music21.scale.DorianScale(tonic=None, **keywords)¶
A scale built on the Dorian (D-D white-key) mode.
>>> sc = scale.DorianScale(pitch.Pitch('d')) >>> [str(p) for p in sc.pitches] ['D4', 'E4', 'F4', 'G4', 'A4', 'B4', 'C5', 'D5']
DorianScale
bases
DorianScale
read-only properties
Read-only properties inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Read-only properties inherited from Music21Object
:
Read-only properties inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
DorianScale
read/write properties
Read/write properties inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Read/write properties inherited from Music21Object
:
DorianScale
methods
Methods inherited from DiatonicScale
:
Methods inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Methods inherited from Scale
:
Methods inherited from Music21Object
:
Methods inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
DorianScale
instance variables
Instance variables inherited from Music21Object
:
HarmonicMinorScale¶
- class music21.scale.HarmonicMinorScale(tonic=None, **keywords)¶
The harmonic minor collection, realized as a scale.
(The usage of this collection as a scale, is quite ahistorical for Western European classical music, but it is common in other parts of the world, but where the term “HarmonicMinor” would not be appropriate).
>>> sc = scale.HarmonicMinorScale('e4') >>> [str(p) for p in sc.pitches] ['E4', 'F#4', 'G4', 'A4', 'B4', 'C5', 'D#5', 'E5'] >>> sc.getTonic() <music21.pitch.Pitch E4> >>> sc.getDominant() <music21.pitch.Pitch B4> >>> sc.pitchFromDegree(1) # scale degree 1 is treated as lowest <music21.pitch.Pitch E4>
>>> sc = scale.HarmonicMinorScale() >>> sc <music21.scale.HarmonicMinorScale Abstract harmonic minor> >>> sc.deriveRanked(['C', 'E', 'G'], comparisonAttribute='name') [(3, <music21.scale.HarmonicMinorScale F harmonic minor>), (3, <music21.scale.HarmonicMinorScale E harmonic minor>), (2, <music21.scale.HarmonicMinorScale B harmonic minor>), (2, <music21.scale.HarmonicMinorScale A harmonic minor>)]
Note that G and D are also equally good as B and A, but the system arbitrarily chooses among ties.
HarmonicMinorScale
bases
HarmonicMinorScale
read-only properties
Read-only properties inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Read-only properties inherited from Music21Object
:
Read-only properties inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
HarmonicMinorScale
read/write properties
Read/write properties inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Read/write properties inherited from Music21Object
:
HarmonicMinorScale
methods
Methods inherited from DiatonicScale
:
Methods inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Methods inherited from Scale
:
Methods inherited from Music21Object
:
Methods inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
HarmonicMinorScale
instance variables
Instance variables inherited from Music21Object
:
HypoaeolianScale¶
- class music21.scale.HypoaeolianScale(tonic=None, **keywords)¶
A hypoaeolian scale
>>> sc = scale.HypoaeolianScale(pitch.Pitch('a')) >>> [str(p) for p in sc.pitches] ['E4', 'F4', 'G4', 'A4', 'B4', 'C5', 'D5', 'E5']
>>> sc = scale.HypoaeolianScale(pitch.Pitch('c')) >>> [str(p) for p in sc.pitches] ['G3', 'A-3', 'B-3', 'C4', 'D4', 'E-4', 'F4', 'G4']
HypoaeolianScale
bases
HypoaeolianScale
read-only properties
Read-only properties inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Read-only properties inherited from Music21Object
:
Read-only properties inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
HypoaeolianScale
read/write properties
Read/write properties inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Read/write properties inherited from Music21Object
:
HypoaeolianScale
methods
Methods inherited from DiatonicScale
:
Methods inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Methods inherited from Scale
:
Methods inherited from Music21Object
:
Methods inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
HypoaeolianScale
instance variables
Instance variables inherited from Music21Object
:
HypodorianScale¶
- class music21.scale.HypodorianScale(tonic=None, **keywords)¶
A hypodorian scale: a dorian scale where the given pitch is scale degree 4.
>>> sc = scale.HypodorianScale(pitch.Pitch('d')) >>> [str(p) for p in sc.pitches] ['A3', 'B3', 'C4', 'D4', 'E4', 'F4', 'G4', 'A4'] >>> sc = scale.HypodorianScale(pitch.Pitch('c')) >>> [str(p) for p in sc.pitches] ['G3', 'A3', 'B-3', 'C4', 'D4', 'E-4', 'F4', 'G4']
HypodorianScale
bases
HypodorianScale
read-only properties
Read-only properties inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Read-only properties inherited from Music21Object
:
Read-only properties inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
HypodorianScale
read/write properties
Read/write properties inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Read/write properties inherited from Music21Object
:
HypodorianScale
methods
Methods inherited from DiatonicScale
:
Methods inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Methods inherited from Scale
:
Methods inherited from Music21Object
:
Methods inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
HypodorianScale
instance variables
Instance variables inherited from Music21Object
:
HypolocrianScale¶
- class music21.scale.HypolocrianScale(tonic=None, **keywords)¶
A hypolocrian scale
>>> sc = scale.HypolocrianScale(pitch.Pitch('b')) >>> [str(p) for p in sc.pitches] ['F4', 'G4', 'A4', 'B4', 'C5', 'D5', 'E5', 'F5']
>>> sc = scale.HypolocrianScale(pitch.Pitch('c')) >>> [str(p) for p in sc.pitches] ['G-3', 'A-3', 'B-3', 'C4', 'D-4', 'E-4', 'F4', 'G-4']
HypolocrianScale
bases
HypolocrianScale
read-only properties
Read-only properties inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Read-only properties inherited from Music21Object
:
Read-only properties inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
HypolocrianScale
read/write properties
Read/write properties inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Read/write properties inherited from Music21Object
:
HypolocrianScale
methods
Methods inherited from DiatonicScale
:
Methods inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Methods inherited from Scale
:
Methods inherited from Music21Object
:
Methods inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
HypolocrianScale
instance variables
Instance variables inherited from Music21Object
:
HypolydianScale¶
- class music21.scale.HypolydianScale(tonic=None, **keywords)¶
A hypolydian scale
>>> sc = scale.HypolydianScale(pitch.Pitch('f')) >>> [str(p) for p in sc.pitches] ['C4', 'D4', 'E4', 'F4', 'G4', 'A4', 'B4', 'C5'] >>> sc = scale.HypolydianScale(pitch.Pitch('c')) >>> [str(p) for p in sc.pitches] ['G3', 'A3', 'B3', 'C4', 'D4', 'E4', 'F#4', 'G4']
HypolydianScale
bases
HypolydianScale
read-only properties
Read-only properties inherited from ConcreteScale
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Read-only properties inherited from Music21Object
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Read-only properties inherited from ProtoM21Object
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HypolydianScale
read/write properties
Read/write properties inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Read/write properties inherited from Music21Object
:
HypolydianScale
methods
Methods inherited from DiatonicScale
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Methods inherited from ConcreteScale
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Methods inherited from Scale
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Methods inherited from Music21Object
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Methods inherited from ProtoM21Object
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HypolydianScale
instance variables
Instance variables inherited from Music21Object
:
HypomixolydianScale¶
- class music21.scale.HypomixolydianScale(tonic=None, **keywords)¶
A hypomixolydian scale
>>> sc = scale.HypomixolydianScale(pitch.Pitch('g')) >>> [str(p) for p in sc.pitches] ['D4', 'E4', 'F4', 'G4', 'A4', 'B4', 'C5', 'D5'] >>> sc = scale.HypomixolydianScale(pitch.Pitch('c')) >>> [str(p) for p in sc.pitches] ['G3', 'A3', 'B-3', 'C4', 'D4', 'E4', 'F4', 'G4']
HypomixolydianScale
bases
HypomixolydianScale
read-only properties
Read-only properties inherited from ConcreteScale
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Read-only properties inherited from Music21Object
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Read-only properties inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
HypomixolydianScale
read/write properties
Read/write properties inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Read/write properties inherited from Music21Object
:
HypomixolydianScale
methods
Methods inherited from DiatonicScale
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Methods inherited from ConcreteScale
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Methods inherited from Scale
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Methods inherited from Music21Object
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Methods inherited from ProtoM21Object
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HypomixolydianScale
instance variables
Instance variables inherited from Music21Object
:
HypophrygianScale¶
- class music21.scale.HypophrygianScale(tonic=None, **keywords)¶
A hypophrygian scale
>>> sc = scale.HypophrygianScale(pitch.Pitch('e')) >>> sc.abstract.octaveDuplicating True >>> [str(p) for p in sc.pitches] ['B3', 'C4', 'D4', 'E4', 'F4', 'G4', 'A4', 'B4'] >>> sc.getTonic() <music21.pitch.Pitch E4> >>> sc.getDominant() <music21.pitch.Pitch A4> >>> sc.pitchFromDegree(1) # scale degree 1 is treated as lowest <music21.pitch.Pitch B3>
HypophrygianScale
bases
HypophrygianScale
read-only properties
Read-only properties inherited from ConcreteScale
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Read-only properties inherited from Music21Object
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Read-only properties inherited from ProtoM21Object
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HypophrygianScale
read/write properties
Read/write properties inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Read/write properties inherited from Music21Object
:
HypophrygianScale
methods
Methods inherited from DiatonicScale
:
Methods inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Methods inherited from Scale
:
Methods inherited from Music21Object
:
Methods inherited from ProtoM21Object
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HypophrygianScale
instance variables
Instance variables inherited from Music21Object
:
LocrianScale¶
- class music21.scale.LocrianScale(tonic=None, **keywords)¶
A so-called “locrian” scale
>>> sc = scale.LocrianScale(pitch.Pitch('b')) >>> [str(p) for p in sc.pitches] ['B4', 'C5', 'D5', 'E5', 'F5', 'G5', 'A5', 'B5']
>>> sc = scale.LocrianScale(pitch.Pitch('c')) >>> [str(p) for p in sc.pitches] ['C4', 'D-4', 'E-4', 'F4', 'G-4', 'A-4', 'B-4', 'C5']
LocrianScale
bases
LocrianScale
read-only properties
Read-only properties inherited from ConcreteScale
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Read-only properties inherited from Music21Object
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Read-only properties inherited from ProtoM21Object
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LocrianScale
read/write properties
Read/write properties inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Read/write properties inherited from Music21Object
:
LocrianScale
methods
Methods inherited from DiatonicScale
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Methods inherited from ConcreteScale
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Methods inherited from Scale
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Methods inherited from Music21Object
:
Methods inherited from ProtoM21Object
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LocrianScale
instance variables
Instance variables inherited from Music21Object
:
LydianScale¶
- class music21.scale.LydianScale(tonic=None, **keywords)¶
A Lydian scale (that is, the F-F white-key scale; does not have the probability of B- emerging as in a historical Lydian collection).
>>> sc = scale.LydianScale(pitch.Pitch('f')) >>> [str(p) for p in sc.pitches] ['F4', 'G4', 'A4', 'B4', 'C5', 'D5', 'E5', 'F5']
>>> sc = scale.LydianScale(pitch.Pitch('c')) >>> [str(p) for p in sc.pitches] ['C4', 'D4', 'E4', 'F#4', 'G4', 'A4', 'B4', 'C5']
LydianScale
bases
LydianScale
read-only properties
Read-only properties inherited from ConcreteScale
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Read-only properties inherited from Music21Object
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Read-only properties inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
LydianScale
read/write properties
Read/write properties inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Read/write properties inherited from Music21Object
:
LydianScale
methods
Methods inherited from DiatonicScale
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Methods inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Methods inherited from Scale
:
Methods inherited from Music21Object
:
Methods inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
LydianScale
instance variables
Instance variables inherited from Music21Object
:
MajorScale¶
- class music21.scale.MajorScale(tonic=None, **keywords)¶
A Major Scale
>>> sc = scale.MajorScale(pitch.Pitch('d')) >>> sc.pitchFromDegree(7).name 'C#'
MajorScale
bases
MajorScale
read-only properties
Read-only properties inherited from ConcreteScale
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Read-only properties inherited from Music21Object
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Read-only properties inherited from ProtoM21Object
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MajorScale
read/write properties
Read/write properties inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Read/write properties inherited from Music21Object
:
MajorScale
methods
Methods inherited from DiatonicScale
:
Methods inherited from ConcreteScale
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Methods inherited from Scale
:
Methods inherited from Music21Object
:
Methods inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
MajorScale
instance variables
Instance variables inherited from Music21Object
:
MelodicMinorScale¶
- class music21.scale.MelodicMinorScale(tonic=None, **keywords)¶
A melodic minor scale, which is not the same ascending or descending
>>> sc = scale.MelodicMinorScale('e4')
MelodicMinorScale
bases
MelodicMinorScale
read-only properties
Read-only properties inherited from ConcreteScale
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Read-only properties inherited from Music21Object
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Read-only properties inherited from ProtoM21Object
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MelodicMinorScale
read/write properties
Read/write properties inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Read/write properties inherited from Music21Object
:
MelodicMinorScale
methods
Methods inherited from DiatonicScale
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Methods inherited from ConcreteScale
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Methods inherited from Scale
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Methods inherited from Music21Object
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Methods inherited from ProtoM21Object
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MelodicMinorScale
instance variables
Instance variables inherited from Music21Object
:
MinorScale¶
- class music21.scale.MinorScale(tonic=None, **keywords)¶
A natural minor scale, or the Aeolian mode.
>>> sc = scale.MinorScale(pitch.Pitch('g')) >>> [str(p) for p in sc.pitches] ['G4', 'A4', 'B-4', 'C5', 'D5', 'E-5', 'F5', 'G5']
MinorScale
bases
MinorScale
read-only properties
Read-only properties inherited from ConcreteScale
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Read-only properties inherited from Music21Object
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Read-only properties inherited from ProtoM21Object
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MinorScale
read/write properties
Read/write properties inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Read/write properties inherited from Music21Object
:
MinorScale
methods
Methods inherited from DiatonicScale
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Methods inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Methods inherited from Scale
:
Methods inherited from Music21Object
:
Methods inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
MinorScale
instance variables
Instance variables inherited from Music21Object
:
MixolydianScale¶
- class music21.scale.MixolydianScale(tonic=None, **keywords)¶
A mixolydian scale
>>> sc = scale.MixolydianScale(pitch.Pitch('g')) >>> [str(p) for p in sc.pitches] ['G4', 'A4', 'B4', 'C5', 'D5', 'E5', 'F5', 'G5']
>>> sc = scale.MixolydianScale(pitch.Pitch('c')) >>> [str(p) for p in sc.pitches] ['C4', 'D4', 'E4', 'F4', 'G4', 'A4', 'B-4', 'C5']
MixolydianScale
bases
MixolydianScale
read-only properties
Read-only properties inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Read-only properties inherited from Music21Object
:
Read-only properties inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
MixolydianScale
read/write properties
Read/write properties inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Read/write properties inherited from Music21Object
:
MixolydianScale
methods
Methods inherited from DiatonicScale
:
Methods inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Methods inherited from Scale
:
Methods inherited from Music21Object
:
Methods inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
MixolydianScale
instance variables
Instance variables inherited from Music21Object
:
OctatonicScale¶
- class music21.scale.OctatonicScale(tonic=None, mode=None, **keywords)¶
A concrete Octatonic scale in one of two modes
OctatonicScale
bases
OctatonicScale
read-only properties
Read-only properties inherited from ConcreteScale
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Read-only properties inherited from Music21Object
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Read-only properties inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
OctatonicScale
read/write properties
Read/write properties inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Read/write properties inherited from Music21Object
:
OctatonicScale
methods
Methods inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Methods inherited from Scale
:
Methods inherited from Music21Object
:
Methods inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
OctatonicScale
instance variables
Instance variables inherited from Music21Object
:
OctaveRepeatingScale¶
- class music21.scale.OctaveRepeatingScale(tonic=None, intervalList: list | None = None, **keywords)¶
A concrete cyclical scale, based on a cycle of intervals.
>>> sc = scale.OctaveRepeatingScale('c4', ['m3', 'M3']) >>> sc.pitches [<music21.pitch.Pitch C4>, <music21.pitch.Pitch E-4>, <music21.pitch.Pitch G4>, <music21.pitch.Pitch C5>] >>> [str(p) for p in sc.getPitches('g2', 'g6')] ['G2', 'C3', 'E-3', 'G3', 'C4', 'E-4', 'G4', 'C5', 'E-5', 'G5', 'C6', 'E-6', 'G6'] >>> sc.getScaleDegreeFromPitch('c4') 1 >>> sc.getScaleDegreeFromPitch('e-') 2
No intervalList defaults to a single minor second:
>>> sc2 = scale.OctaveRepeatingScale() >>> sc2.pitches [<music21.pitch.Pitch C4>, <music21.pitch.Pitch D-4>, <music21.pitch.Pitch C5>]
OctaveRepeatingScale
bases
OctaveRepeatingScale
read-only properties
Read-only properties inherited from ConcreteScale
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Read-only properties inherited from Music21Object
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Read-only properties inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
OctaveRepeatingScale
read/write properties
Read/write properties inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Read/write properties inherited from Music21Object
:
OctaveRepeatingScale
methods
Methods inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Methods inherited from Scale
:
Methods inherited from Music21Object
:
Methods inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
OctaveRepeatingScale
instance variables
Instance variables inherited from Music21Object
:
PhrygianScale¶
- class music21.scale.PhrygianScale(tonic=None, **keywords)¶
A Phrygian scale (E-E white key)
>>> sc = scale.PhrygianScale(pitch.Pitch('e')) >>> [str(p) for p in sc.pitches] ['E4', 'F4', 'G4', 'A4', 'B4', 'C5', 'D5', 'E5']
PhrygianScale
bases
PhrygianScale
read-only properties
Read-only properties inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Read-only properties inherited from Music21Object
:
Read-only properties inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
PhrygianScale
read/write properties
Read/write properties inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Read/write properties inherited from Music21Object
:
PhrygianScale
methods
Methods inherited from DiatonicScale
:
Methods inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Methods inherited from Scale
:
Methods inherited from Music21Object
:
Methods inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
PhrygianScale
instance variables
Instance variables inherited from Music21Object
:
RagAsawari¶
- class music21.scale.RagAsawari(tonic=None, **keywords)¶
A concrete pseudo-raga scale.
>>> sc = scale.RagAsawari('c2') >>> [str(p) for p in sc.pitches] ['C2', 'D2', 'F2', 'G2', 'A-2', 'C3'] >>> [str(p) for p in sc.getPitches(direction=scale.Direction.DESCENDING)] ['C3', 'B-2', 'A-2', 'G2', 'F2', 'E-2', 'D2', 'C2']
RagAsawari
bases
RagAsawari
read-only properties
Read-only properties inherited from ConcreteScale
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Read-only properties inherited from Music21Object
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Read-only properties inherited from ProtoM21Object
:
RagAsawari
read/write properties
Read/write properties inherited from ConcreteScale
:
Read/write properties inherited from Music21Object
:
RagAsawari
methods
Methods inherited from ConcreteScale
: